Rather defensive press release thing from the BBC: https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2026/radio-4-broadc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_of_last_resort#:~:text...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longwave_radio_broadca...
The program was mostly the same as BBC Radio 4 but it used to diverge at certain times of day. I used to be woken up at 5am every day by my parents clock radio with the farming news which was very dull, but easy to sleep through.
At the moment they are running a goodbye loop, so you can still hear something.
At least there’s Radio Caroline still on 648kHz AM, so there will be a British voice still on the air.
At 30 ct/kWh, that's 300€ per hour, 7200€ per day and about 2.6 million € a year - for a customer base that is only decreasing.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droitwich_Transmitting_Station
That, and Atlantic 252 (I believe now long gone) were what he woke up to every morning.
At least in VK/Australia, there’s the 2200 meter band, but it’s quite limited (1W power limit, CW/digital only, 135.7–137.8 kHz).
At the same time, as much as I don’t want the AM broadcast band to die, I’d love an amateur band in the lower/middle part of MF/MW.
I meant just the broadcast band 148.5-283.5 kHz. (Though I'd love if 2200m and 630m were just a bit wider.)
> and NDB beacons.
Good point[1]. So 148.5-200 kHz in ITU Region 2 (and keep LowFER allowances on 160-190kHz as a consolation prize.)
And by the virtue of shortwave propagation, it could be heard across the world. For the past month and a half (from when the news of its impending shutdown was revealed) I was regularly picking it up in Australia right up until the bitter end.
In the USA there have never been commercial longwave stations, though various WWV time signals are broadcast in that band.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_252
"Although the transmitter was in Ireland, the signal's reach meant that it was often looked upon as a "UK national station". Reception reports were received from such locations as Berlin, Finland, Ibiza and Moscow."
No idea where vacuum tubes were invented but I'm sure the BBC could find someone to make them.
I miss the days of jingles.
> Given these factors, investing in upgrading the LW equipment is not considered a cost-effective solution for licence fee-funded services
And that's another problem - maybe the Government should step in and set up a proper Civil Defence-style warning/information system - we may well need it in a few years - it's a shame our official National Broadcaster can't fulfill the role.
One can listen to the live closure broadcast via this WebSDR website, by tuning it to AM 198 kHz.
"You are listening to 198 kHz longwave. BBC Radio 4 is no longer available on this frequency. However, you can find Radio 4 many other ways. You can find BBC Radio 4 online, via BBC Sounds. Radio 4 is available on DAB digital radio and through your digital television, including freely. Radio 4 is also available via FM radio, on 92 to 95 MHz and 103 to 105 MHz. Plus, you can listen via your smart speaker: just say 'play Radio 4'. Information on how to listen can be found on the BBC website, at bbc.co.uk/reception."
Radio stations are usually measured by the last of those: Effective radiated power.
You can have a radio station with a 50,000 watt ERP, but running only a 2,500 watt transmitter.
For FM radio stations, it's all about the height of the transmitter above average terrain. For AM, it's about the ground conductivity and frequency.
I once worked at a 1,000-watt AM station that had a signal much larger and clearer signal than the 5,000-watt AM station a few miles away.
I'm not a radio engineer, but I'm sure there are plenty on HN who can correct and clarify what I've written.
Vacuum tubes also aren't vulnerable to nuclear weapon electro-magnetic pulses.
However, other than ham radio enthusiasts I guess no one listens to analogue radio anymore.
I think the reason why its been left on so long is that it took so long to migrate to digital meters https://tradehelp.gdhv.co.uk/support/solutions/articles/7900...
I am also annoyed that I missed the last signal.
Or
mplayer 'https://a.files.bbci.co.uk/ms6/live/3441A116-B12E-4D2F-ACA8-C1984642FA4B/audio/simulcast/dash/nonuk/pc_hd_abr_v2/aks/bbc_radio_fourfm.mpd'
vlc 'https://lsn.lv/bbcradio.m3u8?station=bbc_radio_fourfm%22&bitrate=320000%22'
(Links from https://garfnet.org.uk/cms/tables/radio-frequencies/internet... )I was listening to DAB in the car, not so far from here last weekend, and it kept cutting out. Whereas you could get LW everywhere!
I developed a love of cricket on Test Match Special from a very young age. A tiny inexpensive radio could get it anywhere. I actually never minded the interruptions from the Shipping Forecast, the real reason they kept this service up for so long. I know there are many ways to get a forecast now, none of which is as reliable as radio 4.
My suspicion is that this means an exciter and a stack of amps per service, which then go through a two stage combiner and out to the antenna. There might even be a pair of exciters and amps per service depending on redundancy.
The combiners (certainly for FM/DAB/TV services) also cause cumulative attenuation as the signal gets combined each time, so even if all 3 are radiating at the same power, the first in the chain might need twice as much amplification to make up for losses.
edit: MB21 (of course) has some fantastic technical info about Droitwitch: https://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1454&page... and there's some great pics here, too: https://www.radiorewind.co.uk/radio1/droitwich.htm
I believe they're still using a pair of Marconi B6042 transmitters (250kW each, in parallel) to provide at least one of the services.
Going by [1], emitted power.
[1] https://www.bbceng.info/Operations/transmitter_ops/Reminisce...
You need two transistors, a ferrite coil and a small set of simpler elements. And it is so simple you can actually explain what every part of the circuit does.
And then the reward... Once built you could listen to BBC regardless of where you are in Europe. My kids just LOVED IT, no Netflix K-Drama replaces this experience. My daughter was listening to BBC on her radio every night going to sleep.
Bounce off ionosphere
In the MF (AM broadcast) band, you can observe this at night - in Australia I can pick up the 50kW Melbourne ABC station (public broadcaster) at 774kHz with a good radio, just about across the entire country.
In the LF (longwave) band, the earth’s surface and the ionosphere start to behave more like a waveguide than skywave. This is actually more reliable/consistent than even HF, but you need massive transmitting antennas due to the large wavelengths involved.
HF also generally wins for distance covered per watt - despite the massive power of Radio 4 longwave, I’d have no chance of hearing it reach Australia.
Then we took away components until we had virtually nothing left, a diode I think(?), and still we had some signal.
Turns out there was a transmitter on the top of the hill the school was also on.
Fun times.
(but yes I do miss those simpler days - but I guess the basics now is making an Arduino flash an LED)
In the HBO miniseries Generation Kill the marines are tuned into the beeb long wave to get news updates, and there's a cricket score read out in the first episode
https://www.reddit.com/r/generationkill/comments/6o2w2s/epis...
For about a year now, BBC has been aggressively geoblocking other radios.
With apologies to Affabeck Lauder
Listening to the last transmission there, I note that the continuity announcer, (the Irish) Al Ryan, signed off with 'oíche mhaith', i.e. 'goodnight' in Irish. A nice nod, I think, to all the former LW listeners in Ireland.
(Also doesn’t analogue FM also kinda cut off fairly abruptly?)
That has a lot more to do with the dated implementation and less to do with digital radio. There are a number of digital broadcasting techniques which can minimize and compensate for noise, including a slight delay with a signal correction and fault tolerant codecs.
DAB was implemented using the old MPEG2 audio codec. DAB+ uses the now 15 year old codec HE-AAC which isn't really designed to handle corruption. Opus handles loss a lot better (see their examples https://opus-codec.org/examples/ )
Britain | The long-wave goodbye
Jun 25th 2026|3 min read
BERLIN, LONDON, Paris, Droitwich. In the 1930s a Midlands town of barely 5,000 people stood out on the dials of British wireless sets, which used the places from which stations were transmitted to denote their frequencies. In 1934 the BBC switched on the corporation’s most powerful radio transmitter, near Droitwich. Two 700ft-high (213-metre) steel masts, at the time the tallest structures in the country, still send “long wave” broadcasts across Britain and deep into Europe. During the second world war they transmitted nonsense messages (“The rabbit is going down his hole”) that were decoded by the French resistance. More recently they have carried baffling phrases understood only by cricket fans tuning into “Test Match Special”.
This article appeared in the Britain section of the print edition under the headline “The long-wave goodbye”

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Really soured me on this digital radio technology.
This video gives a good example of the signal breaking down from 00:38
At the same quality dab is still perfectly long after fm becomes gabled. It then vanishes.
The problem with dab in early days was the lower strength, the poor quality decoding, and the lower bitratr than should be been used for the codec.
Haha. The DAB+ signals are compressed as much as possible.
Comparison here is FM, not FLAC.