To me, Mamoru Oshii's 1995 GitS is THE version, because I'm seldom in the mood for slapstick and I much prefer the introspective mood of the movie, and its cinematic visuals. And the music!
I haven't liked any other adaptations since. To me, the movie is almost perfect. I didn't like Innocence much though.
also go read my comic about a robot lady with reality issues, http://egypt.urnash.com/rita/, it's got cover quotes from three people with seven Hugos between them.
Anime counterpart to this article: https://shellzine.net/cyberpunk-anime/
Maybe the incal world doesnt really qualify as punk and more like regular scifi or perhaps bordeline new-agey, but it doesn’t strike me as fundamentally different from Akira in story style.
It is by the same illustrator as Thorgal, Grzegorz Rosiński.
(PS. in Rosiński's home land, Poland, those comics have been know under the name "Yans" because Hans was too German for that time)
But despite the author's veneration of 90s and 2000s, I'd argue the works from the late 2000s and early 2010s are just as sophisticated and arguably more relevant to our modern world; Project Itoh (Genocidal Organ, Harmony), Gatchaman Crowds, Beatless, alot of their themes were prescient; Because the frontier isn't hardware, it's ontology and semantics.
A few things to add to my ever-growing list.
https://archive.org/details/william-gibson-s-neuromancer-vol...
It was a shame it never finished covering the entirety of the first novel.
The Ghost In The Shell: Global Neural Network features one story by LRNZ. His work Geist Maschine (in italian only) is amazing.
Among the Cyberpunk 2077 comics, Big City Dreams is also very good.
The overarching story is about a pandemic that starts as a backdrop and becomes more important and metaphysical and religious as the story goes on but the core of it revolves around crime bosses in Latin America, the lives of prostitutes, a Uyghur rebellion in Xinjiang, political conflict and organized crime all done in a very real way. It's completely devoid of any (manga) tropes or genre aesthetics.
"The One ... is a kind of landmark; a pulling together of obsessions and ingenious storytelling ideas into a coherent whole ... Its revisionist superheroics, while conceived at roughly the same time, predate Watchmen and Dark Knight in terms of publication, as does its packaging. Its political and humanist preoccupations were voiced before such sentiments became chic. Its deranged, culture-conscious humor offers an alternative and an antidote to today's rather gloomy trend of pessimistic, post-modern ultra-humans... Whatever it is that the comic books of the 1980s turn out to be remembered for, The One was right there in the thick of it, carving out a niche in the mainstream for dangerous ideas long before dangerous ideas became box-office certainties."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Never
Not all stories are cyberpunk, but many are.
Some are great.
I can’t believe they cancelled the tv show :(
In particular: is anyone personally using a color eink device that's as practical for .cbr files as kindle is for regular ebooks?
As a result, unfortunately, there is very little “new” material. The old material that took centuries to develop and longer has been flattened and duplicated, over and over again. I sound like a curmudgeon (I probably am), but I stopped watching movies entirely not too long ago because it became a farce of seeing cliche writing. Shows are even worse so as to not even warrant discussing.
I've enjoyed it so far.
Did you get your manga the same place they sell the 15 minute long Tarantino movie Pulp Fiction?
The last one I enjoyed watching was Arise but I lost track after that. I think the series has been done to death and I would love to see some completely new IP from Masamune that is more reflective of the AI and economic upheavals we are experiencing in the 20s.
Anche Lazarus Ledd (uno dei bonellidi piĂą famosi) ha un certo numero di storie cyberpunk, alcune delle quali molto carine.
The only version that didn't add anything new was the Hollywood movie, which was an entertaining but shallow derivative of Oshii's animes and not based on the manga at all.
I think the original material provides enough ideas to continue spinning off new remixes. It hasn't even been outdated by the recent advancements in AI. Quite the opposite.
(The site is now intermittently down, with "429 Too many requests".)
[1]: https://kodansha.us/series/the-ghost-in-the-shell-the-human-...
I just can't get over how pretentious it is, and also I miss Motoko in it. I mean, the first movie (1995) also toyed with pretentiousness, but this was miraculously curtailed before it had a chance to bog the whole movie down [1], and its awesome mood, soundtrack -- much like with Blade Runner, another favorite of mine, I find it hard to separate the movie from its awesome soundtrack -- and visuals overpowered everything else. Motoko questioning if she was human, and what it mean to be human, it all worked for me. Maybe if she had spent the whole movie doing this, without any payoff, I'd like it less.
Innocence has great visuals too, I'll grant you this!
[1] mostly because the movie ends :D
At least we have houses like A24 which brings interesting content
The nature (infamy?) of his activities over the past few years should also be noted. (And maybe chuckled at if you have a bit of a dark sense of humor.)
- the first Oshii movie
- the two seasons of SAC + SSS
- this new one*
*so far
Is Judge Dredd cyberpunk? I don't care. It's an incredible run of comics, that touches on many of the same themes as cyberpunk.
There are many people involved in Dredd over the years, but I do think John Wagner has had the rare opportunity among work for hire creators to shepherd a fictional universe over decades of real and in universe time.
Patlabor movie 2 was directed by the same director as the original 1995 GiTS animation movie. Both patlabor 1 / 2 have similar themes to GiTS, and are heavily cyber punk in themes and esthetics.
A recent one I enjoyed was Rabbit Trap, a modern take on faerie lore. It was polarizing and got poor reviews.
Years ago I adored a two season series called Hellier. I have a hard time describing this. Ghost hunting show for thinking people? You have to suspend disbelief but it reminded me of Primer in terms of a lot achieved on little budget. If you want to see some hipsters try to use transcranial magnetic stimulation to talk to aliens this is for you.
I’ve enjoyed some horror for its tendency to subvert tropes: hero to villain, villain is really hero, everybody dies, etc.
But yeah. I can only watch blockbusters if I’m in a certain kind of mood where I want light entertainment with no thought.
1. Patlabor The Early Days (88-89, 7 OVA) -> Patlabor (89, Movie) -> Patlabor 2 (93, movie)
2. Patlabor The TV Series (89-90, 47 eps) -> Patlabor The New Files (90-92, 16 eps) -> Patlabor EZY (26-27, 3 movies)
Side note: if you need new stories, I've found a lot of weird and fun stuff to read on Royal Road.
The new one (EZY) is amazing if you haven't seen it.
OTOH, robocop is ok on the list, so probably it should be there too.
If you liked Frontier's theme and are into video games I recommend you check out "Citizen Sleeper" [1] illustrated by Guillaume Singelin as well.
It's a 7 hour narrative text-based adventure that really hooked me one week-end. Your choices depend on how you "spend" your dice, dice that are cast at the beginning of every single day on the station so you get to pre-plan your actions somewhat.
Gameplay wise it's mostly reading, but I liked exploring the station they created.
[0] https://www.magnetic-press.com/carbon-and-silicon/
[1] https://store.steampowered.com/app/1578650/Citizen_Sleeper/
But I acknowledged (and dread a bit) that the audiovisual storytelling is such a strong force that any discussion about storytelling, even when specifically talking about literature/comics storytelling, is dominated by audiovisual references. Any creative writing workshop/course that include sci fi and fantasy genres will inevitably mention Star Wars as example for whichever technique. The more literary ones will mention some Oscar winning movie, etc.
That's why the countries where cyberpunk flourished were wealthy ones
The overall concepts and elements are still around in some way, but the specific combination and language that makes cyberpunk are gone. At the end I would say they were a result of their time, and time has changed, so not it's just nostalgia and retro.
There is and always will be mainstream, niche, the unknown and everything in between. There was always very little new material and a lot of works just gained recognition when their zeitgeist was long overdue, too. I think experimentation is hard, and it's even harder to justify experimentation in the evolving economic climate.
Genres are meant to be collapsed, or rather they should blend and dissolve into each other. The earlier (and good) seasons of The Simpsons are a poster child when it comes to "flattening and duplicating old material". Almost every episode cites a movie or work of literature, and there was nothing wrong with it! It's part of why I understand the 90s as a cultural era of citations, and I had to grow up with that sentiment. It took me quite some time to understand that we moved past it.
Nowadays, we are fortunate enough that a lot of things from the past 10 decades have been digitized and are readily available on demand. That's amazing! Nothing is stopping me from asking myself some naive questions, like "What makes a good drama?" or "If Die Hard is considered to be a Christmas movie, why isn't Falling Down considered to be a summer movie?". I think there is still stuff to explore.
I'll just leave this unfinished thought with a recommendation to a niche movie I discovered recently: Sleep Has Her House (2017)[0]
stop getting recs from algorithms and the entire world will open back up to you. just like top40 music and generic movies from back in the day, you’re getting the lowest common denominator recs.
i read a book about the music industry in the 80s (it’s been a couple years and i can’t remember the name now) but people called the top40 music from back then formulaic. they were convinced record labels had formulas to make their pop music stars. what do you think algorithms are? they’re feeding you trash.
again, stop getting your recommendations from algorithms and the world will open back up. get your recs from actual film or music geeks. go to your local record store, look at their wall of employee recs, or *gasp* talk to them and ask them.
their old catalog though, incredible. i’d say like 80+ percent of the movies they released were fucking amazing. but that has fallen dramatically.
neon is still going strong though!
His popularity may have corrupted him...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shxS5YpyK04&list=PLyhSewr7ii...
Popular culture fiction is usually more like Pixar's "Structure stories with: Once upon a time… Every day… One day… Because of that… Until finally…". Real biographies are almost never like that. But almost the entire Marvel/Pixar/Lucasfilm output is about the Chosen One. None of the main characters work their way up.
This wasn't initially true of the word cyberpunk, but over the intervening years its become true, as cyberpunk has more and more denoted the future specifically as seen from the perspective of the 1980s and early 90's. Its become "retro-actively retro".
You may wish to give On the Silver Globe a watch.
Great show, agree with the intense disappointment of it's cancellation.
The roaring 90s were full of this: dark music exploring critical themes or things like depression and addiction, lots of social criticism, and edgy offensive humor. The mid to late 90s were an economic boom time for a broader segment of people and were optimistic in a way that’s hard to explain today.
I like to put it this way: it’s not that things were all better in the 90s. They weren’t. But people thought they were getting better.
Now people don’t want those things. They want light entertainment, either no criticism (the right) or only approved types via approved critical theories (the left), and offensive edgy stuff is out and may get you cancelled (which side cancels you depends on the content).
> go to your local record store, look at their wall of employee recs, or gasp talk to them and ask them.
What local record store?
What local cinema?
What local bookshop?
Congrats, if you're resistant to addictive algorithms and same-day delivery convenience, but it's ignorant to deny the new baseline.
As life begins to imitate art, we're met with a The Thick Of It type situation where the satire of reality is no longer applicable and would be further diminished by continuing it
> "Time and again, The Thick of It led and reality fell in behind."
The most recent manga he involved with was Ghost Urn, which explores the world of GitS from a different protagonist. He did not do the drawing, but did most of the worldbuilding and mecha design.
Whatever narrative you've invented of Shirow changing over time is a stretch.
But as our society has become more stratified by wealth and the vast majority have become poorer, people no longer have the mental space to think deeply. They've come to love clear, simple answers. I interpret this as the world becoming too excessive. Because there's so much information that it's hard to even find meaningful content. Critical interpretation has also become difficult. Just look at AI. It's different today and different tomorrow, and for freelancers like me, it's like we have to deliver immediately.
There's material poverty, but I think mental poverty is more due to the pervasive FOMO, the fear of falling behind in the flood of information
As you said, it's 'only approved types via approved critical theories.' As people lose their margin for error, they also lose the capacity to consider others' perspectives.
I think you explained it better than I did.
https://apnews.com/article/independent-bookstores-expanding-...
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/apr/19/independent...
But we've also learned that we don't need to change the body itself, when we can just enhance the tools we use. Smartphones are already seen as some sort of half-step towards humans becoming cyborgs. Similar have we now Exoskeletons, which are probably more practical than replacing a full limb.
I agree that you can find genuinely disturbing things in the manga world and that Masamune's work is relatively benign (though some of his depictions of less-developed adult women might upset some). In general, I find the idea of commercialized erotica amusing, especially when coming from sources with more mainstream claims-to-fame. In these cases, I don't attach a connotation of moral bankruptcy or anything like that to the idea of them being "infamous", though maybe that's just me using the word wrong. I intend it more in the sense of, "Hahah, oh wow, THAT guy did THAT? That's crazy." Kind of like when we found out about Tezuka's softcore furry/snakewomen doodles.
Shirow's manga is horny though, partly why I dislike it.
At least in Germany, book shops and (small) cinemas are artificially kept alive through regulations (e.g. Buchpreisbindung) and public funding. Theaters got that too, techno clubs not so much. Lucky are the ones who still got a nice deal on rent, because without a solid revenue, your new whatever local scene experiment won't be in the city. Then recently, conservative politicians also decided to attach ideological strings to the funding. What's a good book shop and what's a bad book shop gets intransparently decided by the domestic intelligence service now. The stories our times need will get you demonetized. As we speak, lobbyists are relentlessly trying to push the compliance machinery onto our devices, so we're not tempted by anything outside of commercial supervision either.
It's all converging towards the brave new mainstream. Pretending like all these trends are just fads is wilful ignorance. Media attention may come and go, but the insects remain dead, temperatures unprecedented and art compliant.
We are hardly in need of cyberpunk fiction anymore, tho.
If municipal emergency services in yout area don't cover ambulance rides, that subscription service might not be a bad idea.
It's arty but there's no doubt it's done that way in part due to horniness.
The manga is different.
I view the portrayal of Kusanagi as being steeped in aspects of the male gaze in a metatextual way. Japanese society has a high emphasis on traditional beauty standards, and the artists depicting her as a character use her beauty as a foil against the audience, by contrasting her beauty with her strength, and by subverting the desires of the audience by drawing our attention to her humanity by alienation through destroying her body at multiple points in the series. Her desire to protect her comrades at the cost of her body shows us how she is willing to sacrifice her femininity, being forced to regress to a childlike body.
The series have a lot of fan service, but I believe that it’s intentional so that the audience is forced to confront their own biases and stereotypes about women and about cyborgs/robots. The cyborg nature of her body as it is destroyed reads to me as a visual metaphor for the Madonna/whore double standard women are subject to society.
I guess I don’t disagree with your view, so much as I think that how she is depicted works on multiple levels in-universe and with respect to the viewer, and said depictions serve multiple functions in the text.
Movie Kusanagi is her own thing, mostly unrelated to the manga or other adaptations.
...What? It's waste from expended munitions. The Ukranian war isn't a corporate war, it's a war between sovereign nations. The drones were produced by and bought from corporations (I assume) but the result of the arms race for better measures and countermeasures would have been the same if each country had produced its own gear.
>tech waste involving computers/internet/cybernetics
Again, something doesn't become cyberpunk just because it involves computers or electronics.
>war bad
I don't think cyberpunk is anti-war as a central feature. It's certainly compatible with that message, but you could write a cyberpunk story that is pro-war, as long that war is to counter the power of corporations.
>environmental degredation etc.
All in all, discarded fibers are more of a nuisance to people than to the environment, I think.
didn't know that war was an integral part of the theme, or countering corpo powers. never read any manifest, though, ... the farce seemed less interesting than the chrome ...
I thought cyberpunk was about the illusion of not being a laissez-faire self-made instrument ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukr...
What even is this argument? Why are you people wasting my and your time on this?
Cyberpunk as a concept is fairly subjective and subject to interpretation. Perhaps your conception of cyberpunk is more exclusive and prescriptive than others’? I wouldn’t interpret a difference of opinion about the tropes or ethos of cyberpunk in a normative way.
Just because folks see cyberpunk aspects in society or literature that you do not is not a contradiction of your own perceptions. It might be a case of prescriptivism vs descriptivism.
Does art imitate life, or does life imitate art, or both (or neither)? You seem to be saying that cyberpunk is only a literary genre, which is somewhat limiting the discussion when so many cyberpunk works have been adapted to other media, which then inspires other works which were never in written form to begin with. To limit your own discussion to written works is your prerogative, but it seems a needlessly narrow scope for the discussion of others who don’t share your view.
To say that we’re wasting our own time is to discount the fact that others are participating in the discussion in good faith for their own reasons. HN writ large isn’t a means to an end, HN and the individuals of HN are ends unto themselves.
What I said was that the Ukrainian war is not a corporate war. The composition or actions of the Wagner group are completely irrelevant. WG could be composed of anarchist hacker cyborgs who participate in armed conflicts to fund their struggle against what they perceive as a corporatocracy, and the Ukranian war would still not be a corporate war.
Reasonable people can disagree, as I alluded to above, but I wouldn’t say that disagreement on the points or in itself is pointless or wrong, which seems to be where we differ. Whether something is cyberpunk is in the eye of the beholder, a subjective experience in the reader of art and of literature and of history. I don’t see how you can say what something seems like to others, as that is to second guess their own experience of reality (or as mediated by fiction, in the the case of artistic works).
To me, the cyberpunk ethos can be summarized as high tech, low life. Utilizing literal convicts as frontline soldiers by Wagner in Ukraine seems to fit that description to a tee.
In light of the above combined with the routine usage of AI on all sides, the conflict in Ukraine as a whole seems to be a literal expression of “sustainable war” as depicted in Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045, which is widely regarded as a cyberpunk work.
https://breezewiki.com/Ghostintheshell/wiki/Sustainable_War
> In effect, the G4 nations went to war with each other in a "sustainable" manner managed by AIs: fighting deliberately avoided damaging major cities and essential infrastructure, mercenaries, and autonomous war machines were heavily used, and the goal of most battles was to destroy enemy structures, vehicles, and equipment while taking reasonable measures to capture rather than fatally harm human combatants when possible. In other words, the conflict would be sustainable as almost all losses could, in theory, be perpetually replaced by the military-industrial complex.
I won't let you move the goalposts.
Regarding your edit:
> I won't let you move the goalposts.
I don’t know what this statement is referring to, but I haven’t changed any of my positions regarding what I perceive as cyberpunk or whether or not I view the Ukraine war as corporate (and cyberpunk).
Perhaps you view the discussion as one where points are scored, but I don’t. I view the discussion as a collaborative enterprise where we both express ourselves and develop our own ideas in the context of a wider discussion.
If there’s something specific I said you would like me to address, please let me know, as I don’t know what you mean.
It’s a discussion board. I’m discussing the topic and trying to get to know what you think and believe, and thanks to your prompting, I got to know what I think and believe a little better myself. I don’t have any desire to disagree with you, as I don’t think that either one of us are making statements that have an objective quality to them, as the context is too subjective and subject to interpretation.
I don’t know enough about your definition of “corporate war” in the context of this thread, since you said we’re using different definitions, so maybe you could share a little bit about what that term means to you? What would it take to make the Ukrainian war a corporate war, to you? What are qualities of corporate war, and how would you or I know it when we see it? Can you think of some examples that meet your definition of corporate war, either in fiction or in real life?
A list of illustrated literature spanning Western comics, Japanese manga and graphic novels. Sorted by publication date.

The Long Tomorrow | By: Dan O’Bannon & Moebius | Setting Date: Far Future
Published: 1975 | Type: Graphic Novel | Issues: 1
Themes: Multiculturalism, Overcrowding, Technocracy
Summary: A gritty short story with illustrations that were part of the French science fiction aesthetic of the 70’s that heavily inspired cyberpunk media such as Blade Runner and Neuromancer. The Long Tomorrow is a film noir hard boiled detective narrative complete with a femme fatale and predictions of a heavily urbanised future society. This is very short and any cyberpunk fan should check it out to see the early roots of the genre.

Akira | By: Katsuhiro Otomo | Setting Date: 2019
Published: 1982-1990 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 6 | Chapters: 120
Themes: Dystopia, Radical Politics, Overcrowding, Anarchy
Summary: Many elements of Akira are fantastical in nature rather than hard sci-fi but it remains relevant as a cyberpunk narrative due to strong punk themes, a narrative that is resistant to authority and a degraded urban setting. Fans of the film owe it to themselves to read the entire release, as the anime is considerably condensed.

Blade Runner | By: Archie Goldwin, Al Williamson & Carlos Garzon | Setting Date: 2019
Published: 1982 | Type: Comic | Issues: 2
Themes: Dystopia, Depopulation, Androids, Climate Change
Summary: This 2 issue special feature published by Marvel Comics was marketed to be released along side the film and was an official comic book adaptation. Due to the comic medium, this title spells out many of the film’s ambiguous scenes with narration. The comic is also rife with trivia, such as Deckard’s squad nickname “Mister Nighttime” and Gaff’s preoccupation with dress standards and presentation. Despite the relatively poor print quality, this is a must-read for fans of the original Blade Runner (1982) movie.

Shatter | By: Peter B. Gills & Mike Saenz | Setting Date: 2019
Published: 1985-1988 | Type: Comic | Issues: 14 (+ 1 special)
Themes: Dystopia, Robotics, Gene Science, Multiculturalism, Automation
Summary: Composed entirely on a Macintosh Plus using a mouse for drawing and printed on laser printers, this was the world’s first digital comic. This is the closest readers will get to a classic cyberpunk comic. It is slightly campy and has an endearing pixel art illustration style but is crammed full of every cyberpunk trope you could imagine. The title follows a police detective who works through a computer-aided reverse auction bounty system for jobs in a heavily over-crowded future metropolis. Blade Runner and other Philip K. Dick narratives were heavy thematic and aesthetic inspirations for this title. Many of the technologies and their societal responses are surprisingly predictive of what has transpired today in the 21st century. Well worth reading for any fans of Blade Runner or classic cyberpunk.

Dominion | By: Masamune Shirow | Setting Date: 2016
Published: 1986 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1
Themes: Dystopia, Pollution, Climate Change, Cybernetics, Gene Science
Summary: Before Ghost in the Shell, Masamune Shirow created Tank Police, which also enjoyed translation to a short animated series. In a heavily polluted future metropolis called New Port City, respiration masks are necessary to venture outside. A heavily armed tank police are used to control the population as criminals have become more and more dangerous with new forms of military technology. A criminal cyborg and his two android assistants attempts to thwart a plot by the government to alter the human genome to produce its own oxygen rather than mitigate the pollution which is making the world unlivable. The tank police work to stop him in this comical but well illustrated short series. Several of the tank designs in this manga went on to be featured in the Ghost in the Shell franchise, as well as being set in the same fictional city including many other overlapping themes and references.

Rebel | By: Pepe Moreno | Setting Date: 2002
Published: 1986 | Type: Graphic Novel | Issues: 1
Themes: Post-Apocalyptic, Fascism, Survival, Dystopia, Urban Decay
Summary: A fast-paced, action-driven graphic novel that reads like a mix of Mad Max and Escape from New York. While post-apocalyptic settings are often outside the cyberpunk genre, the current political climate in the USA combined with the influence that Carpenter’s film had on the genre, with designers like Hideo Kojima lifting considerable aesthetic and thematic aspects of Escape from New York for his own work, then Rebel, despite being derivative, also deserves a place on this list. Set in a dystopian 2002 New York City, society has disintegrated, and the remnants of humanity fight over abandoned supermarkets living in anarchy amongst warlords. The United States’ sole governing force is a fascist military regime that maintains a utopic, walled-off city with high technology, creatingorder outside the gangland warzone. Using real photographs of New York landmarks, Moreno uses a vivid, Moebius-esque visual style and a heavy punk aesthetic that he infuses in his protagonists. The main character, Pepe, is ex-military and uses a range of guerilla warfare and espionage techniques, that fans of Kojima’s Metal Gear Solid series may enjoy.

Ghost in the Shell (Mobile Armored Riot Police) | By: Masamune Shirow | Setting Date: 2029-2030
Published: 1989-1990 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1
Themes: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Cybernetics
Summary: One of the most well-known cyberpunk franchises in any medium. Like Shirow’s Dominion (1986) it is also set in New Port City, but with a slightly less campy premise and art direction. The story follows a female cyborg and her team in an elite governmental agency known as Section 9 as it grapples with a powerful Artificial Intelligence. For better or worse the manga is not as deep or nuanced as the Oshii film adaptation, but there are plenty of cyberpunk tropes for fans as well as novel character and technology designs. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

CYBERPUNK: Book 1 “… Bad Dreams” | By: Scott Rockwell | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 1989-1990 | Type: Graphic Novel | Issues: 2
Themes: Cybernetics, Virtual Reality, Hacking
Summary: Heavily inspired by Neuromancer, this comic is somewhat notable for its graphic depictions of user’s interfacing on the internet. Here, Gibson’s “matrix” is called “The Playing Field”. The visual style blends Sid Meier’s aesthetic with 1980s computer graphics; however it is not a well-illustrated work compared to other titles in this list. The plot has a relatively stronger romantic narrative than other comic titles in the genre as well. The protagonist is a hacker named Topo, and while the narrative starts out promisingly with an immersive, gritty near-future megalopolis setting, a majority of the two issues are rather shallow action scenes that take place in The Playing Field. Fans of Neuromancer will appreciate the early exploration of virtual landscapes, and in doing so perhaps reveals the impracticality of Gibson’s early ideas of virtual reality networks by showing how inefficient they are compared to how technology actually evolved. Though not groundbreaking, with a very predicative, short plot, it is solidly within the genre’s core themes. The clothing designs ands styles on the characters are sometimes interesting if not aesthetic.

CYBERPUNK: Book 2 “Solace” | By: Scott Rockwell | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 1990 | Type: Graphic Novel | Issues: 2
Themes: Virtual Reality, Corporatism, Cybercrime, Surveillance
Summary: In Innovation Publishing’s Cyberpunk: Book 2, the same three main characters’ narrative is extended three years in the future. Topo the hacker is now missing, permanently plugged into The Playing Field searching for the limits of the virtual world. His ex-lover seeks him out with the help of a gang of data thieves. This second book from Scott Rockwell is significantly better than the first. While it does feature many scenes within The Playing Field, they are depicted in a more emotional, dream-like aesthetic than the campy computer graphics that tried a literal interpretation of Gibson’s matrix interface. The artwork of Doug Talalla is of higher quality overall, and more creatively executed versus Book 1, which was illustrated by Darryl Banks. The romance subplot extends here, but in a rather unique way; interestingly bringing up unique ethical issues you wouldn’t expect from a comic, and which predate more well-known cyberpunk texts like Ghost in the Shell (1991).

Gunnm (Battle Angel Alita) | By: Yukito Kishiro | Setting Date: 26th Century
Published: 1990-1995 | Type: Manga | Issues:
Themes: Post-Apocalyptic, Robotics, Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence
Summary: A young female android, Alita, is found in a junkyard and resurrected by a cyborg physician. She finds out she is a combat cyborg and follows the doctor in his footsteps as a clandestine bounty hunter, and eventually pursues a quest to uncover more about her past. The divide between rich and poor has led to a segregation between the masses living on Earth and the elite living in a floating city. The manga takes place in the USA though being hundreds of years in the future all cities and places have been changed significantly. While post-apocalyptic in narrative, there are numerous cyberpunk tropes in the series and it has excellent art direction in general and numerous cyborg designs.
Note: A sequel to Gunm called “Battle Angel Alita: Last Order” was created by Kishiro as he was unhappy with the ending of the manga and wanted to continue it. It takes Alita into space and is more of a science fiction action epic than it is a cyberpunk narrative.

Robocop | By: Alan Grant & Lee Sullivan | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 1990-1992 | Type: Comic | Issues: 23
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Mind Control Technologies, Gene Science
Summary: These Marvel comics take place between the second and third films, but as the issues are set in the Marvel universe, Detriot is far more futuristic. Various arcs see Robocop go international fighting military targets in North Africa, new corporations that rival OCP and rebel South American groups. Various robot soldiers feature heavily in all the conflicts and in true comic form the plots are far more violent and epic in scope than the films. This first run of Marvel comics featuring Robocop also deal with a number of cyberpunk and futurist science fiction tropes such as lucid dreaming technologies, cloning brain waves from a deceased person to place in a robot shell and even an issue with a Jurassic Park riff. The issues feature significantly more science fiction than the films do and are worth reading for fans of the genre, not just of Robocop.
Note: There were also film adaptation comics of all three Robocop films in 1987, 1990 and 1993 respectively.

Wild Palms | By: Bruce Wagner & Julian Allen | Setting Date: 1990’s
Published: 1990 – 1993 | Type: Graphic Novel | Issues: 1
Themes: Virtual Reality, Pharmacology, Collective Mind Control, Conspiracy , Hyperreality
Summary: A fast-paced, satirical and often dark graphic novel that delves into an alternate reality to the narratives society is fed by the media. Extremely intelligent and laden with references and subtext from pop culture, Wild Palms also poses numerous technological “what if’s?” regarding virtual reality and mass media pharmacology hybrids. The series was first serialized in Details magazine before being compiled in 1993 into a complete graphic novel at its completion. While there are no cybernetically augmented hackers or gangbangers performing matrix runs in Asian dystopian metropolises, this provides a more grounded, and for that reason more terrifying, look at how technology may be used in the future for political and corporate control.

Ghost in the Shell (Mobile Armored Riot Police) 1.5: Human-Error Processor | By: Masamune Shirow | Setting Date: 203X
Published: 1991-1996 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1 | Chapters: 4
Themes: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Cybernetics
Summary: With the newly human-AI hybrid Major leaving Section 9 to work as a contractor, these eight issues focus on an array of cyber crime and terrorism cases that Batou and other remaining agency members deal with. More episodic, this short manga provides further world building and more content for fans of Shirow’s Ghost in the Shell manga. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Blame! | By: Tsutomu Nihei | Setting Date: Far Future
Published: 1996-2003 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 10 | Chapters: 67
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Post-Apocalyptic
Summary: Blame! is the best known creation by Takeshi Nihei, however it is only included in this list because it is commonly associated with the cyberpunk aesthetic. The setting is far, far future, there is very little hard science fiction involved and with the setting so far removed from our own reality there is little value it can provide in way of socio-political critique. The art style is often associated with cyberpunk because of the heavy use of decaying electronic components, wires and gothic tropes. This means the manga is more dark space fantasy than cyberpunk. Worth reading regardless as the quality is high.

Ghost in the Shell (Mobile Armored Riot Police) 2: Man Machine Interface | By: Masamune Shirow | Setting Date: 2035
Published: 1997 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1
Themes: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Cybernetics
Summary: Some five years after the original series, the Major has now evolved into a network of beings she controls while working for a large corporation. While not as novel as the original manga, it still poses a number of new questions for society and artificial intelligence based on the “ghost” concept and being able to clone one’s consciousness digitally and how that could impact society. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Transmetropolitan | By: Warren Ellis & Darick Robertson | Setting Date: 23rd Century
Published: 1997-2002 | Type: Comic | Issues: 60
Themes: Transhumanism, Dystopia, Corruption
Summary: Spider Jerusalem, a retired, reclusive journalist is pulled out of his hermitage to return to a dystopian city life to fulfill publishing obligations. Angry at the state of the world, he and two assistants work to take down corruption using Gonzo journalism and advanced information technology. Hunter S. Thompson in the future would be an apt summary. Satirical and with a solid American art style, this comic provides both cyber and punk elements in spades. Fans of the goth sub-culture should also enjoy the aesthetics and narrative. The high tech low life mantra is illustrated adeptly in this series.

Eden: It’s an Endless World | By: Hiroki Endo | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 1998-2008 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 18 | Chapters: 126
Themes: Post-Apocalyptic, Quantum Computing, Robotics, Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence
Summary: After the world’s population is largely killed off by a virus, a politico-religious group establishes a new order. The protagonist is the teen-aged son of one of the major rebel leaders against this group. While much of this manga occurs in wilderness, there are a great deal of metropolitan settings. This is more a militaristic action epic than the film noir-esque narratives that typically define the cyberpunk genre. However, it still deals with many cyberpunk tropes and its discussions on religion, racial nationalism and sentience featuring machines are somewhat novel. Well illustrated and expansive, this is one of the longer mangas in this list and if you are a fan of the first few chapters there is plenty to keep you entertained.

Haisha (Ashen Victor) | By: Yukito Kishiro | Setting Date: 26th Century
Published: 1998 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1 | Chapters: 4
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Post-Apocalyptic
Summary: Set in the same universe as Gunm (Battle Angel Alita), this short 4 chapter side story focuses on the ultra violent, televised motorball sport with a new cyborg called Snev. This manga critiques the relationship between spectator sports and their need for more and more audience viewership. Issues such as taking a dive, performance enhancing drugs and non-success priorities are all discussed. Further it delves into the consumer demand for hardcore violence and snuff porn and the impact it has on its victims. Being so short, and with its focus more on society, this feels more cyberpunk than Gunnm. Worth reading since it is short, especially if you liked Gunnm.

NOiSE | By: Tsutomu Nihei | Setting Date: Far Future
Published: 2000-2001 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1 | Chapters: 6
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Dystopia
Summary: NOiSE is a short prequel to Blame! providing background and origins to the megasphere. This is the most cyberpunk of Nihei’s work given that an actual functioning society operates in this setting and is based around the investigations of a female detective providing a number of noir tropes. Police uniforms and some of the costumes look to be referenced straight from Blade Runner (1982). It is very short and well worth a read if you are a fan of Blame!

Gunslinger Girl | By: Yuu Aida | Setting Date: 21st century
Published: 2002 | Type: Manga | Issues: 15
Themes: Cybernetics, Terrorism
Summary: The Italian government rescues young girls who were abused. They brainwash the girls and fit them with cybernetic enhancements to form an elite squadron, trained in counter-terrorism. Because of their age and unstable minds, each girl has a handler to provide supervision.

100% | By: Paul Pope | Setting Date: 2038
Published: 2002-2003 | Type: Comic | Issues: 5
Themes: Dystopia, Virtual Reality, Multiculturalism
Summary: A short five issue series that revolves around a handful of diverse characters in New York City whose lives intersect around a holographic strip club. Surprisingly romantic despite its dystopian setting, this comic would appeal to those don’t typically enjoy the medium. Well-written, insightful and less action-oriented than many of the other titles in this list; 100% will appeal to those who like a neo-noir with a more grounded take on the development of technology and society. Despite being a more introspective title, there are still plenty of new technologies and how they may be used by real people day to day for cyberpunk fans to enjoy. The illustration style is unique and impactful and the narrative is far more relatable than other cyberpunk series such as Blame! which are set so far in the future as to be more fantastical than speculative in their nature.

Frank Miller’s Robocop | By: Frank Miller | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 2003-2006 | Type: Comic | Issues: 9
Themes: Dystopia, Cybernetics
Summary: This nine issue comic was based on the unused screenplays for the Robocop 2 and 3 films drafted by Frank Miller (of Sin City fame). They are presented in Miller’s gritty, violent art direction. Unfortunately this series is more style over substance and the original Marvel run of Robocop comics features significantly more cyberpunk tropes and science fiction material to digest. This short series is better left for fans of Miller or Robocop as a franchise.

Bio Mega | By: Tsutomu Nihei | Setting Date: 3006A.D.
Published: 2004-2009 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 6 | Chapters: 43
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Post-Apocalyptic
Summary: A rogue android and former employee of TOA Heavy Industries named Zoichi searches for humans who have adapted to a zombification virus. The art style and character design of this post-apocalyptic manga bears much similarity to Blame! but has a far more nuanced and developed plot. The first volume is decidedly more cyberpunk the remainder of the narrative with some semblance of a metropolis, corporations and individualistic technology. As the manga proceeds it becomes more of a post-apocalyptic science fiction. However, if you enjoyed Blame! this will provide a similar aesthetic and is arguably more cyberpunk as a narrative.

Net Sphere Engineer | By: Tsutomu Nihei | Setting Date: Far Future
Published: 2005 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 1 | Chapters: 1
Themes: Cybernetics, Robotics, Post-Apocalyptic
Summary: Set long after the events of Blame! where it is revealed that the protagonist Killy was successful in halting the Netsphere and its safeguard systems Much of humanity has regressed to a more technologically simple, but more peaceful, existence. However, remnants of the Netsphere continue to attack new settlements of humanity. This is a single short chapter and provides a kind of epilogue to Blame! and is worth reading for fans of that manga, but offers little for cyberpunk fans beyond more content with a gothic, cybernetic aesthetic.

Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex | By: Yu Kinutani | Setting Date: 2030
Published: 2009–2012 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 5
Themes: Cybercrime, counter-terrorism, political conspiracy, artificial intelligence, police operations, cyberbrain hacking
Summary: A manga adaptation and expansion of the Stand Alone Complex branch of Ghost in the Shell. Yu Kinutani’s version follows Major Motoko Kusanagi and Public Security Section 9 through individual episodic cybercrime cases. It is directly tied to the tone and world of the SAC 2002 anime series, with a stronger focus on Section 9 as a tactical police unit operating inside a networked political state and not part of the original Shirow manga continuity. It’s illustrations are clean but made more in line with the SAC anime designs, for better or worse. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Dust to Dust | By: Chris Roberson | Setting Date: 202X
Published: 2010 | Type: Comic | Issues: 8
Themes: Android Culture, Pollution, Climate Change, Scarcity
Summary: Prequel to Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The story is short and simplistic but is well illustrated and the narrative will appeal to fans of Blade Runner (1982) and DADoES. The comic is relatively action packed with little added to the world building or franchises. Thus, as more of an extension to DADoES or Blade Runner it is best for fans of those texts but offers little on its own as a cyberpunk narrative.

Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex: The Laughing Man | By: Yu Kinutani | Setting date: 2030
Published: 2013–2016 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 4
Themes: Corporate corruption, media manipulation, cyberbrain hacking, state power, terrorism, information control
Summary: This is a follow up manga to Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex. The Laughing Man manga focuses on the mysterious hacker known as the Laughing Man, whose actions expose a deeper web of corporate fraud, government pressure and media spectacle. The manga works best as a companion to the SAC anime, retelling its most famous storyline in comic form and is separate to the original Shirow manga continuity. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Ghost in the Shell: Arise: Sleepless Eye | By: Takumi Oyama (Story: Junichi Fujisaku) | Setting date: 2027
Published: 2013–2016 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 7
Themes: Military cybernetics, surveillance, terrorism, memory
Summary: Arise: Sleepless Eye is the main manga tie-in to the Ghost in the Shell: Arise continuity. Set before the fully formed Section 9 era, it focuses heavily on Batou and his early connection with Motoko Kusanagi while expanding the military and political background of the Arise timeline. It is not part of Shirow’s original manga line nor Stand Alone Complex’s continuity; making it more relevant as a manga for fans of the Arise anime. The artwork and character designs are very well done compared to the SAC manga entries, even if they are different to Shirow’s original, so fans of cyberpunk manga in general may enjoy this series on its own merits. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Atom – The Beginning | By: Masami Yuuki, Tetsuroh Kasahara & Makoto Tezuka | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 2014 | Type: Manga | Issues: Ongoing (18 as of 06.23)
Themes: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Post-Apocalyptic
Summary: A prequel to Astro Boy, after a mysterious catastrophe destroyed large parts of Japan, university researchers began working on creating artificial intelligence that has a will on it’s own, an AI with ego. The robot A106 (“Atom”) they developed is equipped with said AI.

Tokyo Ghost | By: Rick Remender & Sean Murphy | Setting Date: 2089
Published: 2015-2016 | Type: Comic | Volumes: 2 | Issues: 10
Themes: Dystopia, Pollution, Climate Change, Automation, Information Overload, Cybernetics
Summary: A female detective and her musclebound but internet addicted boyfriend / partner work for the nation of Los Angeles’ ruler and media mogul Flak. Their small nation is plagued with constant murders, the majority of the population hopelessly addicted to augmented and virtual reality media which is endlessly streamed into their personal communications. With LA running dangerously low on resources, the pair are sent by Flak to technology-free Japan to help shut down the EMP keeping the country dark in order to plunder it. While many of the pages can lose themselves in campy dialogue, repetitive melodrama or absurdist slapstick, there are morsels of insight warning of the dangers of information addiction and the excesses that could occur once automation renders human labour obsolete.

Archangel | By: William Gibson & Michael St. John Smith | Setting Date: 2016 and 1945
Published: 2016-2017 | Type: Comic | Issues: 5
Themes: Futurist Technology
Summary: Billed as alternative reality science fiction, this has been included only because it is co-authored by William Gibson. It is a short five issue run that is more a time travel fantasy than anything cyberpunk. However it does contain tropes such as inter-cultural intrigue and futurist technology such as a stealth suit.

Boku no Tsuma wa Kanjou ga Nai | By: Jiro Sugiura | Setting Date: Near Future
Published: 2019 | Type: Manga | Issues: Ongoing, currently 6
Themes: Man-Machine Romance, Robotics, Futurist Technology
Summary: After starting to live alone, the protagonist purchases an entry level robot, designed to do chores around the house. He quickly falls in love with her, resulting in their marriage. While robots are common, Man-Machine Romance is a rather uncommon phenomenon. The story is more light-hearted than the average cyberpunk story and contains only very little action. However, the morals of Man-Machine Romance and to an extent a future of sexless males in society as well as the resulting technology to replace intimacy are important aspects. In this setting, not all members of society agree with this replacement and the manga covers these conflicts.

Blade Runner 2019 | By: Michael Green, Mike Johnson & Andres Guinaldo | Setting Date: 2019 – 2026
Published: 2019-2020 | Type: Comic | Issues: 12
Themes: Androids, Futurist Technology, Cybernetics, Scarcity
Summary: This is a must read for cyberpunk and Blade Runner fans. It is a sequel to the original 1982 film with all new characters set in a similar time frame. With world building, character development and a plot that surpasses the 2017 Blade Runner 2049 film, this does everything right. Blade Runner fans also get to see what the off world colonies look like and there is a slightly expanded world history for the setting that includes Mexico. Excellent illustrations, plenty of action and believable character motivations make this easily one of the better comics in this list. Even if you are not a comic/manga fan, this and Wild Palms should still be on your to read list.

The Ghost in the Shell: The Human Algorithm | By: Junichi Fujisaku and Yuki Yoshimoto | Setting Date: 2030s
Published: 2019–2025 | Type: Manga | Volumes: 8
Themes: Cyberisation, political extremism, post-human identity, terrorism, cybercrime
Summary: This is a later manga continuation of Masamune Shirow’s original Ghost in the Shell manga line by Junichi Fujisaku and illustrated by Yuki Yoshimoto that takes place after Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor but before Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface. With Motoko Kusanagi absent, Public Security Section 9 continues investigating cyberisation-linked attacks, political extremism and the mystery of the Major’s discovered empty prosthetic body. The art style is markedly different to Shirow’s work but of high quality and unlike other franchise works, tries to stay directly within Shirow’s original manga continuity. There is much less “fan service” sexualisation of the female characters than the original Shirow work and the character outfit designs often reference real pieces from Yohji Yamamoto and vintage military surplus. If you would like to view a continuity network map of how all the various GITS adaptations relate to Shirow’s original manga, you can consult the following SHELLZINE article: LINK

Blade Runner 2029 | By: Michael Green, Mike Johnson & Andres Guinaldo | Setting Date: 2017 – 2029
Published: 2020-2021 | Type: Comic | Issues: 12
Themes: Androids, Futurist Technology, Cybernetics, Scarcity
Summary: This is a very disappointing sequel to the well-executed Blade Runner 2019. Set ten years in the future, it follows the same female protagonist, “Ash”, from Blade Runner 2019, however instead of giving her more character development and nuance, she has been reduced to a rather one dimensional figure, lacking all her nuance that she had in Blade Runner 2019. Further, the plot is essentially a rehash of Blade Runner (1982) with a few side stories, one of which is actually rather fresh and interesting, that are quashed and go nowhere within a single issue. The illustration work is markedly lower in quality than Blade Runner 2019, which was a disappointment and the majority of the issues are so action-heavy there is little room for narrative at all, making it seem like a cynical cash grab to simply riff on the two movies in the franchise using the Blade Runner 2019 comic’s characters. There is very little of value in this comic except for hardcore fans of the Blade Runner 2019 comic.

Blade Runner Origins | By: Mellow Brown, Mike Johnson, K. Perkins, & Fernando Dagnino | Setting Date: 2009
Published: 2021-2022 | Type: Comic | Issues: 12
Themes: Androids, Futurist Technology, Cybernetics, Scarcity
Summary: Set before the events of the original Blade Runner (1982) film, only Mike Johnson stayed on in an otherwise all new creative team for this latest installment in Titan Comics’ Blade Runner comics franchise. The illustrations are much better than Blade Runner 2029’s, closer to the quality in the first 2019 comic. Unfortunately, it still suffers from many of Blade Runner 2029’s failings, including being far too action heavy and heavily riffing on thematic and aesthetic elements from Blade Runner (1982) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017) down to the costumes and antagonist choice. To call this work derivative is being kind, however it is not applied as cynically as it is in Blade Runner 2029. A major plot point is also taken from Ghost in the Shell (1995) which comes across as off-brand to Blade Runner’s established world building. There are quite a number of disparities in this title to other existing works in the Blade Runner universe which might annoy some fans. Having said that, it is good to see new characters and their developments are better established than Blade Runner 2029’s for the most part, even if the protagonist in this comic is pretty much a Black version of Deckard turned into a lethal killing machine. The narrative is also perhaps more akin to an action comic from Marvel, and for whatever that’s worth, it is an improvement on the disappointingly rehashed plot of Blade Runner 2029. This is worth checking out if you are a fan of the franchise, even if you were let down by Blade Runner 2029. Note: for a more thoughtful take on the Blade Runner universe with an African American hero, check out Dust to Dust (2010), which is also a prequel to Deckard’s story.

Night Hunters | By: Dave Baker & Alexis Ziritt | Setting Date: 2057-2078
Published: 2022 | Type: Comic | Issues: 4
Themes: Cybernetics, Scarcity, Over-population, Dystopia
Summary: An independent comic uniquely set in Caracas, Venezuela that revolves around two brothers in conflict: a cybernetically enhanced police sniper and a drug lord. Big on action, with simplistic but graphic illustrations and with a rather basic but pure cyberpunk narrative and setting; this comic is well worth checking out even just as an art book. With Caracas transformed into an over-populated ghetto with waiting lists to get into prisons, a rather bleak and violent future is depicted in Night Hunters. Baker and Ziritt are independent artists who are creating new cyberpunk works in fresh settings, rather than the typical long-coating wearing Deckard clone in an American or Asian city, and that is something that fans of the genre should be supporting.

Cyberpunk 2077: XOXO | By: Bartosz Sztybor & Jakub Rebelka | Setting Date: Night City, 2077
Published: 2023 | Type: Comic | Issues: 4
Themes: Cybernetics, Dystopia
Summary: To cope with his girlfriend leaving him, a man de-humanises himself with numerous cybernetic implants. Now in a gang of cyborgs, while in the middle of a drug robbery of a rival set, he turns on his comrades once he realises his ex is in the opposing party; thus starting a short narrative where the pair attempt to survive while fencing the shipment. Cyberpunk 2077: XOXO has an extremely shallow, gory, and thankfully short, storyline, with all four issues readable in under thirty minutes total. The vivid, simplistic art style may appeal to some, but this really only has value to collectors who enjoy the Cyberpunk 2077 franchise.
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